Extra Omnes · Anno Domini MCCCLXXVIII

The Broken Conclave

Rome · the Vatican Palace · 7–9 April 1378

Gregory XI is dead, fifteen months after bringing the papacy home from Avignon. Sixteen cardinals — eleven French, four Italian, one Aragonese — must elect his successor inside a palace whose keys, gates and bridges are held by the city. Rome has one demand, and a thousand armed men in the square to make it. Whatever is done in fear may not stand; whatever is refused may not be survived.

Roster facts and documented events are distinguished from inferred relationships and modelled ballots — see Sources & liberties. The one documented tally is the morning scrutiny of 8 April; everything a counterfactual conclave does here is model, not record.